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Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion in the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 42 patients with cirrhosis type F3 esophageal varices admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 21 cases in each group. The observation group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion, while the control group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol. The differences in the effectiveness (remission rate of varices) and safety (incidence of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative rebleeding, incidence of ectopic embolism, incidence of esophageal ulcer, incidence of esophageal perforation, incidence of esophageal stricture) of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:The total effective rate of relieving esophageal varices in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group [95.2%(20/21) vs 61.9%(13/21), χ 2=6.929, P=0.008]. There were no cases of ectopic embolism in both groups; The intraoperative bleeding rate in the observation group was 4.8% (1/21), significantly lower than the 38.1% (8/21) in the control group (χ 2=6.929, P=0.008); There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative rebleeding rates between the two groups [33.3%(7/21) vs 23.8%(5/21), χ 2=0.467, P=0.495]; The incidence of esophageal ulcers in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [23.8%(5/21) vs 0, χ 2=5.676, P=0.017], mainly caused by glue discharge ulcers; There were no cases of esophageal perforation and esophageal stricture in both groups. Conclusions:Endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion for the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis is safe, can greatly reduce the occurrence of intraoperative bleeding, and has a better one-time variceal eradication effect.
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Objective To investigate the first human brucellosis outbreak in Fujian Province,aiming to identify the source,risk factors of infection,and recommend control measures.Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted by combining with agricultural sector on human and animal in the incident area of Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province.Respondents included 17 professionals from the outbreak sheep farm,as well as 9 ones from four nearest farms (including 2 pig farms,1 sheep farm and 1 cow farm) in directions of eastern,southern,western and northern.Then information of cognitive level and daily protection on brucellosis among pasture breeding staffs through case studies were got,serum of pasture breeding staffs and animals was collected (including 262 from the outbreak sheep farm and 50 from another sheep farm which nearly 5 kilometres away) to detect brucellosis antibody,and sheep sources were investigated simultaneously.Results A total of 26 people were detected,the infection rate was 26.9％ (17 people,in the epidemic area),the other four farming units without brucellosis infection.In epidemic focus,seven human infections (5 confirmed cases,2 asymptomatic infected) were identified,with an infection rate 41.2％ (7/17) and the brucellosis antibody positive rate among sheep was 46.2％ (121/262),while no positive sheep in the nearest sheep farm (0/50).Both unprotected lamb handling and stillbirth treatment got a 100.0％ infection rate.Among the investigated professional staffs,92.3％ (24/26) had no awareness of clinical symptoms and signs of brucellosis,while 11.5％ (3/26) took protective measures when working.Conclusions Unquarantined sheep is the infection source of this brucellosis outbreak,unprotected lamb handling and stillbirth treatment are the main route of transmission.High sheep infection rate,lack of brucellosis awareness,precaution missing among pasture breeding staffs and animal quarantine are all contributing to this outbreak.
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Objective To clarify the source of infection of a student brucellosis case in Ningde City, make clear its influencing range as well as risk factors of transmission, then take measures to effectively control the epidemic.Methods Clue sampling was carried out, then the survey site village was chosen where the student case came from.①Fundamental state survey: resident population as well as the situation of livestock were collected.②Human outbreak investigation: detailed interview was carried out on the first case.Base on the principle of informed consent, serum samples were collected from breeders and those who had once contacted with sheep in order to detect brucellosis antibodies, then investigation was conducted on farmers to collect cognitive information;case searching was conducted by reviewing outpatient and inpatient records as well as government broadcasting.③Livestock epidemic: serum samples from some of the sheep were collected by agricultural sector.Results There were 200 households with 500 inhabitants in the survey site of Ningde City, among which there were 5 sheep feeding families and totally 154 sheep on hand.Patient was male, 12 years old, student.Sick on June 2nd, 2014,confirmed on July 5th.The patient's neighbor was a sheep farmer, he had once contacted with the sheep.Totally we collected 8 serum samples from livestock personnel, positive Brucella antibody was 4, with a positive rate 50％ (4/8);collected 15 serum samples from those contacted with sheep, positive Brucella antibody was 2, with a positive rate 13％ (2/15).Meanwhile, agricultural sector collected 17 sheep serum samples from these two sheep farms, among which there were 7 serum samples showing a positive Brucella antibodies, with a positive rate 41％ (7/17).After surveyed of 8 livestock breeding personnel and 15 livestock non-breeding personnel, we found that no one was familiar with the clinical characteristics and transmission of brucellosis.Conclusions The direct source of brucellosis infection is local infected sheep, general population has been involved in this epidemic.Brucellosis surveillance should be seriously carried out on both human and animal.Furthermore, improving the awareness of brucellosis among professionals as well as general population is eagerly needed and health education must be carried out immediately.
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Objective To investigate the cause and related risk factors of an outbreak caused by Brucellosis. Methods Epidemiological investigation and laboratory test were carried out among occupationally invloved population including sheep slaughters and sellers in the village. Results 18 people were serology positive among the 129 occupationally involved persons under survey. Seven of them were confirmed cases,11 were latent infection,to make the overall attack rate as 14%. 90%of the sheep were from high-risk areas of Brucella. Among the occupationally involved persons,89%of them never wore face masks,84%never wear overalls and 70%never wear gloves. Factors as:work but wearing no gloves(RR=7.4,95%CI:1.1-53.0),with hand wound(RR=3.4,95%CI:1.1-11.0) could increase the risk of Brucella infection. Conclusion The cause of this outbreak was due to the plentiful influx of unchecked sheep from the northern part of China and the employees in the process of sheep slaughtering or trading were lack of effective prevention programs.
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Objective To investigate the cause and related risk factors of an outbreak caused by Brucellosis. Methods Epidemiological investigation and laboratory test were carried out among occupationally invloved population including sheep slaughters and sellers in the village. Results 18 people were serology positive among the 129 occupationally involved persons under survey. Seven of them were confirmed cases,11 were latent infection,to make the overall attack rate as 14%. 90%of the sheep were from high-risk areas of Brucella. Among the occupationally involved persons,89%of them never wore face masks,84%never wear overalls and 70%never wear gloves. Factors as:work but wearing no gloves(RR=7.4,95%CI:1.1-53.0),with hand wound(RR=3.4,95%CI:1.1-11.0) could increase the risk of Brucella infection. Conclusion The cause of this outbreak was due to the plentiful influx of unchecked sheep from the northern part of China and the employees in the process of sheep slaughtering or trading were lack of effective prevention programs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cause and related risk factors of an outbreak caused by Brucellosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological investigation and laboratory test were carried out among occupationally invloved population including sheep slaughters and sellers in the village.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>18 people were serology positive among the 129 occupationally involved persons under survey. Seven of them were confirmed cases, 11 were latent infection, to make the overall attack rate as 14%. 90% of the sheep were from high-risk areas of Brucella. Among the occupationally involved persons, 89% of them never wore face masks, 84% never wear overalls and 70% never wear gloves. Factors as:work but wearing no gloves (RR = 7.4, 95%CI:1.1-53.0), with hand wound (RR = 3.4, 95%CI:1.1-11.0) could increase the risk of Brucella infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cause of this outbreak was due to the plentiful influx of unchecked sheep from the northern part of China and the employees in the process of sheep slaughtering or trading were lack of effective prevention programs.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Abattoirs , Brucella , Brucellosis , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Commerce , Disease Outbreaks , Incidence , Occupational Diseases , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , Sheep , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective To understand the current status,type,and effect of training programs conducted by Health Bureau and CDC in China.Methods One person of each province was selected from China field epidemiology training network and designated as contact person who was responsible for collecting information of field practical training lasting for at least 6 months for staff of public health emergency and infectious disease control in each province from October 2001 to October 2010.Questionnaire including basic condition,organization and management,training design,faculty condition,trainee condition and training outputs was designed and filled in by contact person.Results There were 35 training programs covering over 9 provinces in China.The first province and city FETP started in 2004,including Guangdong FETP,Zhejiang FETP,Hangzhou FETP,Ningbo FETP and Guizhou FETP.Thirty-five training programs had 355 mentors,22(6％)were CFETP graduates and 57 (16％)were local FETP graduates.All program funds were paid by local governments.The training programs included two parts,theoretical lectures and field practice,which occupying 10％-20％ and 80％-90％ of the whole training time,respectively.Among 6 evaluative items including emergency investigation,surveillance analysis,surveillance evaluation,planned investigation,investigation report and paper publication,most programs(50％-94％) had less than average one person per time.Conclusions Field epidemiology training program after several years of development in china achieves the certain scale.Some provincial programs are successful,but the effect and quality of training programs in different areas are uneven.We suggest optimizing of field epidemiology training resources and further expanding China field epidemiology training network.
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Doppel protein (abbreviation Dpl) is a newly recognized Glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored and highly glycosylated protein, which is similar to prion protein (PrP) in the chemical structure. The encoding gene of Dpl named PRND locates at the downstream of the prion protein gene (PRNP). These two proteins are different in physiological functions. The expression of Dpl focuses on testis tissue at the adult, and takes an important role in maintaining sperm integrality, normal fertility, and motion ability. We reviewed the biological characters, physiological functions of Dpl and its effects on male reproduction in order to provide theory guidance for the study on physiological function and male reproduction controlling.
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Animals , Humans , Male , GPI-Linked Proteins , Prions , Metabolism , Physiology , Reproduction , Physiology , Testis , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To explore the conditions and methods for cryopreservation and proliferation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Methods SSCs were isolated from six-day-old Kunming mouse using two-step enzymatic digestion and Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. Cells were frozen with different freezing medium and cooling rate. After thaw, they were cultured in mimimum essential medium alpha (MEMα) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 100μg/L glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The survived and proliferating SSCs were examined by WST-8 colorimetric assay. Alkaline phosphatase andreverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to confirm if the cultured 96 hours germ cells were still stem cells. Results The best method to cryopreserve SSCs is using cryoprotector containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), 10% FCS, 0.07mol/L sucrose and 1℃/min cooling rate, and the viability of cells in this method is more than 84%;Although the cell viability in non-programmed freezing method is less than that in the programmed freezing method, it is a simple and effective cropreservation method for mouse SSCs. What is more, the anchoring time of SSCs in this method is 8-12 hours after thaw, SSCs begin to proliferate 24 hours later, and rapid proliferation appears on the 48 hours, colonies are composed by 20-25 cells in 96 hours, when SSCs proliferated nearly 5 times.Conclusion The culture condition we used is suitable for proliferation of frozen-thawed SSCs.
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Objective To investigate the expression of gastrin, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and Ki-67 in dif-ferent gastric mucosal lesions and to assess the role of gastrin and COX-2 in the sequence of gastric carcinogenesis and its relationship. Methods 96 samples with different gastric mucosal lesions were obtained by gastroscope. The expression of gastrin,COX-2 and Ki-67 was examined with immunohistochemical staining technique(EnVision). Re-sults Positive rates of gastrin expression in chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), intestinal metaplasia(IM),dysplasia(Dy) and gastric cancer(GC) were 58.8 % ,30. 0% ,57.9 % ,68.2% and 77.8% ,respectively, and there were significant differences between GC and CAG(P<0.05). Positive rates of COX-2 expression in CSG,CAG,IM,Dy and GC were 41.2 % ,45.0% ,68.4 % ,72.7% and 88.9% respectively, and there were significant differences between GC and CAG(P<0.05). Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) from CSG, CAG, IM, Dy to GC also had an increasing tendency. From CAG to GC,the expression of gastrin and COX-2 was positively correlated with PI (P<0.05). The expression between gastrin and COX-2 was correlated significantly in gastric pre-cancerous lesions (P<0.01). PI was increased significantly in group with co-expression of gastrin and COX-2. Con-clusion Gastrin expression is decreased in CAG. From CAG to GC, gastrin expression is increased gradually. COX-2 expression has an increasing tendency in the sequence of gastric cancerization. From CSG to GC, PI is gradually in-creased. Gastrin and COX-2 co-promote proliferation of gastric epithelial cells,and gastrin may take part in up-regu-lation of COX-2 expression in gastric precancerous.
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Objective This study was designed to understand the characteristics of colonic polyps in aged people, and the relationship between the colonic polyps and the malignant change. Methods A total of 158 patients with colonic polyps diagnosed by endoscopy were retrospectively analyzed during the recent years. Among them, 120 patients had been followed up by endoscopy for 1 to 6 years(average 4 5 years) and were compared with 437 young patients. Results The detective rate and the malignant change rate of colonic polyps in the aged people were 30% and 23 4%, respectively, being significantly higher than that of the young (10 2%) and the middle aged people(6 9%, P
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Object To study the liver-protection and bile promoting secretion of gentiopicroside administrated ig in rat. Methods Gentiopicroside was administrated ig to the mice with liver injury induced by CCl 4 and D-GlaN. ALT, AST levels in serum and GSH-Px activity in liver were examined. The bile flow rate and the concentration of the main components in the bile of rats after ig administration of gentiopicroside were estimated. Results Gentiopicroside administrated ig decreased the serum ALT and AST levels, increased the liver GSH-Px activity in the mice treated with CCl 4, promoted the secretion of bile and increased the concentration of bilirubin in the bile. Conclusion Gentiopicroside administrated ig exhibited significant liver-protection and promoting bile secretion.